CHI07FA243

The P-51A pilot's inadequate visual lookout and his failure to maintain clearance from the P-51D. Contributing factors to the accident included the restricted forward visibility of the P-51A, the air race team representative's inadequate flight brief, the failure of the air boss to recognize the lack of separation between the airplanes on short final, and the diminished air/ground radio communications during the air show.

An amateur-built P-51A Mustang (call sign "Precious Metal") collided with the tail section of a North American P-51D Mustang (call sign "Stang") as it was landing on runway 36 during the Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA) AirVenture 2007 Oshkosh (OSH) air show. The airplanes were part of a five-aircraft air race demonstration event. The demonstration air race was completed and the five aircraft were in the process of landing separately (not in formation). The pilot of Stang reported that he thought the pilot of Precious Metal was departing the pattern and not landing at OSH. He reported that Stang was about two miles past the runway threshold on downwind at 700 - 800 feet agl, when he observed Precious Metal on a base leg about 1,000 feet agl on a southwesterly heading with its gear and flaps retracted. Stang turned inbound for landing on runway 36. Precious Metal turned inbound for landing behind Stang and transmitted "Precious Metal, one mile final," but Stang did not hear the transmission. The airplanes collided as Stang started its landing roll. Interviews with the air race demonstration pilots revealed there was confusion concerning the information discussed in the team brief prior to the race. The team representative reported that he briefed that Stang should land first, but two of the race pilots reported that they did not hear that discussed in the brief. Also, the team representative briefed that Precious Metal intended to land, refuel, take on a passenger, and then depart OSH for another nearby airport. The FAA had "waivered" the airspace, which made the air show Air Boss responsible for the air show operations, but he was not responsible for providing aircraft separation. The Air Boss did not observe the two P-51's on short final, because his attention was on an airplane taxiing near the air show center. The air traffic control tower was not in operation during the air show because the airspace was waivered, and the Air Boss was responsible for air/ground radio communications with the airplanes. No warning was given to the pilots concerning the lack of separation between the airplanes. Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) 91.113 (g) Right-of-Way Rules state: "When two or more aircraft are approaching an airport for the purpose of landing, the aircraft at the lower altitude has the right-of-way, but it shall not take advantage of this rule to cut in front of another which is on final approach to land or to overtake that aircraft."

Aircraft 1 HISTORY OF FLIGHT On July 27, 2007, about 1519 central daylight time, an amateur-built Beck P-51A Mustang, N8082U, was destroyed when it struck a North American P51-D Mustang, N151RJ, and crashed during landing approach. N151RJ had just landed on runway 36 at the Wittman Regional Airport (OSH), Oshkosh, Wisconsin, when N8082U struck its empennage and fuselage. N8082U was still airborne at the time of the collision, and it rolled over to the right of the aft fuselage of N151RJ and impacted the terrain in a wings level, inverted attitude. The collision pushed N151RJ onto its nose, and N151RJ skidded down the runway and came to rest about 788 feet from the initial impact point. The pilot in N8082U received fatal injuries, and the pilot in N151RJ was not injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. Both airplanes had previously departed OSH as part of a five-aircraft air race demonstration event known as the "Reno Racers" at the Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA) AirVenture 2007 air show. The demonstration air race was completed and the five aircraft were in the process of landing separately (not in formation) on runway 36. The five aircraft performing in the Reno Racers air race demonstration event were: 1) N805MB, Grumman F7F-3, call sign "Tigercat" 2) N62143, Hawker TKM 20, call sign "Sea Fury" 3) N5588N, Goodyear F2G, call sign "Super Corsair" 4) N8082U, Beck P-51A, call sign "Precious Metal" and 5) N151RJ, North American P-51D, call sign "Stang." Video and still photographs provided to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) by spectators and the EAA, showed Stang and Precious Metal on short final for runway 36. The videos and photographs showed that Precious Metal was in trail and progressively getting closer to Stang. The video showed Stang landing on runway 36 on its main gear and beginning its rollout. Before Stang's tailwheel dropped to the runway, Precious Metal's propeller hit Stang's left horizontal stabilizer. Precious Metal started to pitch up, and its right landing gear lodged under Stang's left horizontal stabilizer next to the rudder and lifted Stang's tail up. As Precious Metal rolled right, over Stang's empennage, Precious Metal's propeller impacted the top of Stang's fuselage about 2 feet behind the canopy. Precious Metal continued to roll right and it impacted the terrain in a wings level, inverted attitude. Stang skidded down the runway on its nose and came to rest about 300 feet from Precious Metal. PERSONNEL INFORMATION The pilot of Precious Metal was a 58-year-old commercial pilot with single-engine land and sea and multi-engine land ratings. He held a second-class medical certificate that was issued in October 2006. He reported more that 10,000 hours of total flight time at the time of his last medical certificate. His total time in the P-51A was about 128 hours. The pilot of Precious Metal had not flown as part of the Reno Racers air race demonstration event until the EAA AirVenture 2007 air show. He flew on Wednesday and Thursday of the air show. His third flight with the Reno Racers was the accident flight on Friday. The pilot of Stang was a 24-year-old commercial pilot with single- and multi-engine land and instrument ratings. He held a second-class medical certificate issued in September 2006. He reported a total of 1,270 flight hours with 100 hours in a P-51D. The pilot of Stang had not flown as part of the Reno Racers air race demonstration event until the EAA AirVenture 2007 air show. His first flight with the Reno Racers was the accident flight on Friday. The Reno Racer pilots of the Super Corsair, Sea Fury, and Tigercat were experienced air race pilots who had flown at air race events such as the Reno Air Races in Reno, Nevada, and at the EAA AirVenture air shows. The pilot who organized the Reno Racers in 2000 had 20 plus years of air race and air show experience. During the EAA AirVenture 2007 air show, he flew with the Reno Racers in Stang on Wednesday and Thursday. On Friday he flew as the copilot of the DC-3 used for the parachute jump team. He, along with the pilot of the Super Corsair, recommended that the pilot of Stang fly in the Reno Racers event on Friday. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION Precious Metal, N8082U, was an experimental, amateur-built Beck P-51A Mustang, serial number 311. The airplane's Special Airworthiness Certificate was issued on June 4, 2006. The engine was an Allison V-1710-81, serial number 7368. The last conditional inspection was conducted on April 18, 2007. At the time of the inspection, the aircraft had a total time of 86.1 hours. The Hobbs meter indicated 127.5 hours at the time of the accident. The pilot/builder made the following statement about the aircraft on the FAA Form 8000-38 when he applied for the Special Airworthiness Certificate: "This project represents a built from scratch exact full scale replica of the North American P-51A Mustang. It is a 'Plans Built' aircraft built from the original production drawings acquired from the National Archives. The only exception would be the landing gear and a handful of original small components." Stang, N151RJ, was a North American P-51D Mustang, serial number 44-74404, manufactured in 1945. The engine was a 1,490 horsepower Packard built Rolls Royce V-1650-7, serial number 43-49502, manufactured in 1943. A Special Airworthiness Certificate was issued for the airplane in May 1995. The last annual inspection was conducted on June 10, 2007. The airplane had flown 20 hours since the annual inspection and had a total time of 628 hours since the Special Airworthiness Certificate was issued. The pilot of the Tigercat had flown a single-engine Sea Fury in the previous years demonstration races. The EAA AirVenture 2007 air show was the first year that the twin-engine Grumman F7F-3 Tigercat was used in the Reno Racers event. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION At 1532, the surface weather observation at OSH was: Wind 040 degrees at 9 knots, visibility 5 miles, clouds few at 2,600 feet, overcast 4,600 feet, temperature 25 degrees Celsius (C), dew point 20 degrees C, altimeter 29.88 inches of Mercury. AIRPORT INFORMATION The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) issued a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) to provide special flight procedures in effect during the EAA AirVenture 2007 air show. The NOTAM stated that the air show demonstration area was from the surface to 12,000 feet mean sea level within a five nautical mile radius of OSH, and was in effect during the aerobatic demonstration and air show times. All uninvolved aircraft were required to remain clear of the air show demonstration area during the aerobatic demonstration times. The FAA issued a waiver for the affected airspace while the air show demonstration area was in effect during the Showcase, Aerobatic, and Warbird portions of the air show. The air traffic control tower at OSH did not provide services to the participating aircraft when the waiver was in effect. During those times, the control of the aircraft and radio communications were transferred to the Air Boss. The Air Boss was the individual who had the primary responsibility for air show operations on the active taxiways, runways, and the surrounding air show demonstration areas. The Air Boss was not responsible for providing aircraft separation. The Showcase, Aerobatic, and Warbird portions of the air show each had its own Air Boss. The airport's primary runways are runway 9/27 (6,178 feet by 150 feet, asphalt) and runway 18/36 (8,002 feet by 150 feet). During the air show, all air show events are oriented around runway 18/36 because the crowd control line runs parallel to the runway, 500 feet east of the runway. All 4 runways could be utilized for takeoffs and landings during the air show, depending on the winds. COMMUNICATIONS During the Showcase portion of --- Aircraft 2 HISTORY OF FLIGHT On July 27, 2007, about 1519 central daylight time, a North American P51-D Mustang, N151RJ, sustained substantial damage during landing when it was struck by an amateur-built Beck P-51A Mustang, N8082U. N151RJ had just landed on runway 36 at the Wittman Regional Airport (OSH), Oshkosh, Wisconsin, when N8082U struck its empennage and fuselage. The collision with N8082U pushed N151RJ onto its nose, and N151RJ skidded down the runway and came to rest about 788 feet from the initial impact point. N8082U was still airborne at the time of the collision, and it rolled over to the right of the aft fuselage of N151RJ and impacted the terrain in a wings level, inverted attitude. The pilot in N151RJ was not injured, and the pilot in N8082U received fatal injuries. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. Both airplanes had previously departed OSH as part of a five-aircraft air race demonstration event known as the "Reno Racers" at the Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA) AirVenture 2007 air show. The demonstration air race was completed and the five aircraft were in the process of landing separately (not in formation) on runway 36. The five aircraft performing in the Reno Racers air race demonstration event were: 1) N805MB, Grumman F7F-3, call sign "Tigercat" 2) N62143, Hawker TKM 20, call sign "Sea Fury" 3) N5588N, Goodyear F2G, call sign "Super Corsair" 4) N8082U, Beck P-51A, call sign "Precious Metal" and 5) N151RJ, North American P-51D, call sign "Stang." Video and still photographs provided to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) by spectators and the EAA, showed Stang and Precious Metal on short final for runway 36. The videos and photographs showed that Precious Metal was in trail and progressively getting closer to Stang. The video showed Stang landing on runway 36 on its main gear and beginning its rollout. Before Stang's tailwheel dropped to the runway, Precious Metal's propeller hit Stang's left horizontal stabilizer. Precious Metal started to pitch up, and its right landing gear lodged under Stang's left horizontal stabilizer next to the rudder and lifted Stang's tail up. As Precious Metal rolled right, over Stang's empennage, Precious Metal's propeller impacted the top of Stang's fuselage about 2 feet behind the canopy. Precious Metal continued to roll right and it impacted the terrain in a wings level, inverted attitude. Stang skidded down the runway on its nose and came to rest about 300 feet from Precious Metal. PERSONNEL INFORMATION The pilot of Precious Metal was a 58-year-old commercial pilot with single-engine land and sea and multi-engine land ratings. He held a second-class medical certificate that was issued in October 2006. He reported more that 10,000 hours of total flight time at the time of his last medical certificate. His total time in the P-51A was about 128 hours. The pilot of Precious Metal had not flown as part of the Reno Racers air race demonstration event until the EAA AirVenture 2007 air show. He flew on Wednesday and Thursday of the air show. His third flight with the Reno Racers was the accident flight on Friday. The pilot of Stang was a 24-year-old commercial pilot with single- and multi-engine land and instrument ratings. He held a second-class medical certificate issued in September 2006. He reported a total of 1,270 flight hours with 100 hours in a P-51D. The pilot of Stang had not flown as part of the Reno Racers air race demonstration event until the EAA AirVenture 2007 air show. His first flight with the Reno Racers was the accident flight on Friday. The Reno Racer pilots of the Super Corsair, Sea Fury, and Tigercat were experienced air race pilots who had flown at air race events such as the Reno Air Races in Reno, Nevada, and at the EAA AirVenture air shows. The pilot who organized the Reno Racers in 2000 had 20 plus years of air race and air show experience. During the EAA AirVenture 2007 air show, he flew with the Reno Racers in Stang on Wednesday and Thursday. On Friday he flew as the copilot of the DC-3 used for the parachute jump team. He, along with the pilot of the Super Corsair, recommended that the pilot of Stang fly in the Reno Racers event on Friday. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION Precious Metal, N8082U, was an experimental, amateur-built Beck P-51A Mustang, serial number 311. The airplane's Special Airworthiness Certificate was issued on June 4, 2006. The engine was an Allison V-1710-81, serial number 7368. The last conditional inspection was conducted on April 18, 2007. At the time of the inspection, the aircraft had a total time of 86.1 hours. The Hobbs meter indicated 127.5 hours at the time of the accident. The pilot/builder made the following statement about the aircraft on the FAA Form 8000-38 when he applied for the Special Airworthiness Certificate: "This project represents a built from scratch exact full scale replica of the North American P-51A Mustang. It is a 'Plans Built' aircraft built from the original production drawings acquired from the National Archives. The only exception would be the landing gear and a handful of original small components." Stang, N151RJ, was a North American P-51D Mustang, serial number 44-74404, manufactured in 1945. The engine was a 1,490 horsepower Packard built Rolls Royce V-1650-7, serial number 43-49502, manufactured in 1943. A Special Airworthiness Certificate was issued for the airplane in May 1995. The last annual inspection was conducted on June 10, 2007. The airplane had flown 20 hours since the annual inspection and had a total time of 628 hours since the Special Airworthiness Certificate was issued. The pilot of the Tigercat had flown a single-engine Sea Fury in the previous years demonstration races. The EAA AirVenture 2007 air show was the first year that the twin-engine Grumman F7F-3 Tigercat was used in the Reno Racers event. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION At 1532, the surface weather observation at OSH was: Wind 040 degrees at 9 knots, visibility 5 miles, clouds few at 2,600 feet, overcast 4,600 feet, temperature 25 degrees Celsius (C), dew point 20 degrees C, altimeter 29.88 inches of Mercury. AIRPORT INFORMATION The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) issued a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) to provide special flight procedures in effect during the EAA AirVenture 2007 air show. The NOTAM stated that the air show demonstration area was from the surface to 12,000 feet mean sea level within a five nautical mile radius of OSH, and was in effect during the aerobatic demonstration and air show times. All uninvolved aircraft were required to remain clear of the air show demonstration area during the aerobatic demonstration times. The FAA issued a waiver for the affected airspace while the air show demonstration area was in effect during the Showcase, Aerobatic, and Warbird portions of the air show. The air traffic control tower at OSH did not provide services to the participating aircraft when the waiver was in effect. During those times, the control of the aircraft and radio communications were transferred to the Air Boss. The Air Boss was the individual who had the primary responsibility for air show operations on the active taxiways, runways, and the surrounding air show demonstration areas. The Air Boss was not responsible for providing aircraft separation. The Showcase, Aerobatic, and Warbird portions of the air show each had its own Air Boss. The airport's primary runways are runway 9/27 (6,178 feet by 150 feet, asphalt) and runway 18/36 (8,002 feet by 150 feet). During the air show, all air show events are oriented around runway 18/36 because the crowd control line runs parallel to the runway, 500 feet east of the runway. All 4 runways could be utilized for takeoffs and landings during the air show, depending on the winds. COMMUNICATIONS During the Showca