ERA10FA180

The pilots of both airplanes did not maintain an adequate visual lookout to see and avoid each other.

The airplanes were both on approach to the destination airport, operating under visual conditions, when they collided about 3 nautical miles southeast of the destination airport. The wreckage of both airplanes came to rest within 100 yards of one another. The Piper was flying on a course to the right of the RV-6’s departure airport. Around the same time, the RV-6 departed, and both airplanes' flight paths nearly paralleled one another as they continued on course to the destination airport. During the next 7 minutes, the Piper made a gradual descent from 5,200 feet mean sea level (msl) to 1,700 feet msl at a ground speed of about 132 knots. The Piper continued on the same heading until about 2 miles before impact, where it made a gradual left turn. The RV-6 (altitudes unknown) continued on the same flight path until about 4 miles before impact, where it began a slow right turn. The last portion of recorded radar data of the RV-6 and the Piper showed the airplanes were converging on respective true courses of about 328 and 294 degrees. Based upon this radar data, the expected collision angle was calculated to be about 34 degrees. The collision angle between the airplanes was physically determined by measuring the mass intrusion signature of the RV-6's propeller blade into the left wing of the Piper. This signature corresponds to a collision angle of about 44 degrees. Based on this measurement and radar derived ground speeds, the RV-6's convergence angle was calculated to be about 66 degrees right and the Piper’s was 70 degrees left.

Aircraft 2 HISTORY OF FLIGHT On March 20, 2010, about 1145 eastern daylight time, a Piper PA-32R-300, N823AG, and an amateur built Sentman RV-6, N788LL, collided in-flight 3 nautical miles (nm) southeast of the Williston Municipal Airport (X60), in Williston, Florida. The PA-32 was registered to ARO Wing LLC and operated by a private pilot; the RV-6 was registered to and operated by a private pilot. The personal flights were operated under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 91. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and no flight plans were filed. The pilot and passenger of the PA-32 and the pilot of the RV-6 were killed; both airplanes sustained substantial damage. The PA-32 departed Deland Municipal-Sydney H Taylor Field, Deland, Florida, about 1115 with a planned destination of X60. The RV-6 departed the Ocala International-Jim Taylor Field (OCF), Ocala, Florida, about 1135 with a planned destination of X60. There were no witnesses to the accident; however several local area residents stated that they heard a loud “bang” and subsequently observed pieces of airplane falling out of the sky. The NTSB received recorded radar data from the United States Air Force for the time and location of the accident. The data included two targets that exhibited flight paths (speeds and courses) that matched the convergent tracks expected from the two airplanes. Review of the radar data showed two aircraft approaching the accident site from the southeast. The aircraft that was located further north had a functioning transponder operating on code 1200 and was also reporting Mode C altitude data. According to the airplane records, the PA-32 was equipped with a transponder and for purposes of this report is identified as the "transponder-equipped" aircraft. The aircraft to the south did not have a functioning transponder, was not reporting altitude information, and was detected as a primary (“skin paint”) radar target only. According to its maintenance records, the RV-6 was not equipped with a transponder and for purposes of this report is identified as the “primary-only” aircraft. The primary-only aircraft approached the collision site on a true ground track of approximately 328 degrees. The transponder-equipped aircraft approached the collision sight on a true ground track of approximately 294 degrees. PA-32 Flight Track The radar flight track for the transponder-equipped airplane consisted of equidistant radar returns from the southeast to the accident site, located 3 nm southeast of the Williston Airport. About 1138, the PA-32 was about 15 nm from the accident site and about 3 nm east of OCF, where the RV-6 departed. During the next 7 minutes, radar returns disclosed a gradual descent from 5,200 feet to 1,700 feet mean sea level (msl) at a radar-derived ground speed of about 132 knots. The radar track continued on the same heading until about 2 miles prior to impact, where it made a gradual left turn. RV-6 Flight Track The radar flight track for the primary-only airplane began upon takeoff from runway 36 at OCF and ended at the accident site. About 1138, the airplane was airborne and shortly thereafter turned left to a northwesterly heading. The airplane's track nearly paralleled the PA-32 track, until about 4 miles prior to impact, where it began a slow right turn, consistent with the pilot beginning to maneuver to enter the downwind leg of the traffic pattern for runway 23 at Williston Airport. PERSONNEL INFORMATION PA-32 Pilot The pilot of the PA-32, age 59, held a private pilot certificate with airplane single engine land and instrument airplane ratings, which was last updated on May 27, 2009. He additionally held a second-class airman medical certificate issued January 14, 2010, with a restriction that he shall possess glasses for near and intermediate vision. The pilot’s logbook was not recovered. On his most recent medical certificate he reported his total civilian flight hours as 345. PA-32 Passenger, Right Front Seat A review of FAA records indicated that the passenger, the spouse of the pilot, did not hold any FAA certificate and had no FAA record of flight time. RV-6 Pilot The pilot of the RV-6, age 73, held a private pilot certificate with an airplane single engine land rating, which was last updated on May 29, 2008, and a third-class medical certificate issued on May 27, 2008. The pilot’s logbook was not recovered for examination. On the pilot’s most recent medical certificate he reported his total civilian flight hours as 231. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION PA-32 The PA-32 was a red and black painted single-engine, low wing airplane, serial number 32-7780066, manufactured in 1976. It was equipped with a Lycoming IO-540 engine. The maintenance logbooks were not located. RV-6 The RV-6 was an unpainted low-wing, amateur built experimental airplane, serial number 002, and was manufactured in 2007. It was powered by an XP360 experimental 180-hp engine and equipped with a Hartzell Model 036081AZ, aluminum variable pitch propeller. The airplane’s engine logbooks revealed that it had undergone an annual inspection in October 2009, at a total time in service of 74.3 hours. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION A review of recorded data from the OCF Automatic Weather Observing Station (AWOS), elevation 90 feet and located about 16.5 nautical miles southeast of the destination airport, revealed that at 1135, conditions were winds 110 degrees at 4 knots, visibility 10 statute miles, clear of clouds, and altimeter 30.13 inches of mercury. According to the United States Naval Observatory astronomical data, around the time of the accident, the sun was 50 degrees above the horizon on an azimuth of 135 degrees. COMMUNICATIONS No FAA facility recorded any communications with either of the accident airplanes during the 15-minute period prior to the accident. X60 management reported that the airport does not record communications on the common traffic advisory (UNICOM) frequency, 122.8 MHz. It is unknown if the pilots were in communication with one another. AIRPORT INFORMATION X60 is managed by the City of Williston and is open to the public. As published in the FAA's "Airport/Facility Directory," the airport's elevation is 76 feet msl. Runway 23 is 6,668 feet long and uses a left-hand pattern. The airport is uncontrolled. WRECKAGE AND IMPACT The airplanes' wreckages came to rest with 100 yards of one another and were about 3 nm southeast of the destination airport. The majority of the RV-6 debris was located in a pasture along with the left outboard wing section of the PA-32. The PA-32 fuselage came to rest inverted in a heavily wooded area, on a heading of 204-degrees magnetic; a postimpact fire ignited the forward fuselage section and surrounding terrain, and a postcrash fire consumed a majority of the fuselage and engine. The tail section was located in an adjacent tree, and the mostly complete stabilator assembly was approximately 35 feet away from the main wreckage and out of the burn zone. The RV-6 came to rest upright, in an open field, on a heading of 090-degrees magnetic. The landing gear collapsed, the wings and empennage were deformed, and the engine was partially imbedded into the ground. The complete examination report is contained in the public docket for this accident. PA-32 Examination of the PA-32 revealed that the vertical fin remained attached to the aft fuselage area and was wedged in a tree forward of the main impact site. The aft fuselage was breached with its sidewalls shredded and separated at the rivet lines. It had separated from the center fuselage section at the aft cargo door jamb. The aft cargo door, aft cabin door, forward cabin door, and the forward baggage door were identified and found to be impact and fire damaged. The right fuselage side walls and flooring at the forward cabin area were destroyed by postimpac --- Aircraft 1 HISTORY OF FLIGHT On March 20, 2010, about 1145 eastern daylight time, a Piper PA-32R-300, N823AG, and an amateur built Sentman RV-6, N788LL, collided in-flight 3 nautical miles (nm) southeast of the Williston Municipal Airport (X60), in Williston, Florida. The PA-32 was registered to ARO Wing LLC and operated by a private pilot; the RV-6 was registered to and operated by a private pilot. The personal flights were operated under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 91. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and no flight plans were filed. The pilot and passenger of the PA-32 and the pilot of the RV-6 were fatally injured; both airplanes sustained substantial damage. The PA-32 departed Deland Municipal-Sydney H Taylor Field, Deland, Florida, about 1115 with a planned destination of X60. The RV-6 departed the Ocala International-Jim Taylor Field (OCF), Ocala, Florida, about 1135 with a planned destination of X60. There were no witnesses to the accident; however several local area residents stated that they heard a loud “bang” and subsequently observed pieces of airplane falling out of the sky. The NTSB received recorded radar data from the United States Air Force for the time and location of the accident. The data included two targets that exhibited flight paths (speeds and courses) that matched the convergent tracks expected from the two airplanes. Review of the radar data showed two aircraft approaching the accident site from the southeast. The aircraft that was located further north had a functioning transponder operating on code 1200 and was also reporting Mode C altitude data. According to the airplane records, the PA-32 was equipped with a transponder and for purposes of this report is identified as the "transponder-equipped" aircraft. The aircraft to the south did not have a functioning transponder, was not reporting altitude information, and was detected as a primary (“skin paint”) radar target only. According to its maintenance records, the RV-6 was not equipped with a transponder and for purposes of this report is identified as the “primary-only” aircraft. The primary-only aircraft approached the collision site on a true ground track of approximately 328 degrees. The transponder-equipped aircraft approached the collision sight on a true ground track of approximately 294 degrees. PA-32 Flight Track The radar flight track for the transponder-equipped airplane consisted of equidistant radar returns from the southeast to the accident site, located 3 nm southeast of the Williston Airport. About 1138, the PA-32 was about 15 nm from the accident site and about 3 nm east of OCF, where the RV-6 departed. During the next 7 minutes, radar returns disclosed a gradual descent from 5,200 feet to 1,700 feet mean sea level (msl) at a radar-derived ground speed of about 132 knots. The radar track continued on the same heading until about 2 miles prior to impact, where it made a gradual left turn. RV-6 Flight Track The radar flight track for the primary-only airplane began upon takeoff from runway 36 at OCF and ended at the accident site. About 1138, the airplane was airborne and shortly thereafter turned left to a northwesterly heading. The airplane's track nearly paralleled the PA-32 track, until about 4 miles prior to impact, where it began a slow right turn, consistent with the pilot beginning to maneuver to enter the downwind leg of the traffic pattern for runway 23 at Williston Airport. PERSONNEL INFORMATION PA-32 Pilot The pilot of the PA-32, age 59, held a private pilot certificate with airplane single engine land and instrument airplane ratings, which was last updated on May 27, 2009. He additionally held a second-class airman medical certificate issued January 14, 2010, with a restriction that he shall possess glasses for near and intermediate vision. The pilot’s logbook was not recovered. On his most recent medical certificate he reported his total civilian flight hours as 345. PA-32 Passenger, Right Front Seat A review of FAA records indicated that the passenger, the spouse of the pilot, did not hold any FAA certificate and had no FAA record of flight time. RV-6 Pilot The pilot of the RV-6, age 73, held a private pilot certificate with an airplane single engine land rating, which was last updated on May 29, 2008, and a third-class medical certificate issued on May 27, 2008. The pilot’s logbook was not recovered for examination. On the pilot’s most recent medical certificate he reported his total civilian flight hours as 231. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION PA-32 The PA-32 was a red and black painted single-engine, low wing airplane, serial number 32-7780066, manufactured in 1976. It was equipped with a Lycoming IO-540 engine. The maintenance logbooks were not located. RV-6 The RV-6 was an unpainted low-wing, amateur built experimental airplane, serial number 002, and was manufactured in 2007. It was powered by an XP360 experimental 180-hp engine and equipped with a Hartzell Model 036081AZ, aluminum variable pitch propeller. The airplane’s engine logbooks revealed that it had undergone an annual inspection in October 2009, at a total time in service of 74.3 hours. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION A review of recorded data from the OCF Automatic Weather Observing Station (AWOS), elevation 90 feet and located about 16.5 nautical miles southeast of the destination airport, revealed that at 1135, conditions were winds 110 degrees at 4 knots, visibility 10 statute miles, clear of clouds, and altimeter 30.13 inches of mercury. According to the United States Naval Observatory astronomical data, around the time of the accident, the sun was 50 degrees above the horizon on an azimuth of 135 degrees. COMMUNICATIONS No FAA facility recorded any communications with either of the accident airplanes during the 15-minute period prior to the accident. X60 management reported that the airport does not record communications on the common traffic advisory (UNICOM) frequency, 122.8 MHz. It is unknown if the pilots were in communication with one another. AIRPORT INFORMATION X60 is managed by the City of Williston and is open to the public. As published in the FAA's "Airport/Facility Directory," the airport's elevation is 76 feet msl. Runway 23 is 6,668 feet long and uses a left-hand pattern. The airport is uncontrolled. WRECKAGE AND IMPACT The airplanes' wreckages came to rest with 100 yards of one another and were about 3 nm southeast of the destination airport. The majority of the RV-6 debris was located in a pasture along with the left outboard wing section of the PA-32. The PA-32 fuselage came to rest inverted in a heavily wooded area, on a heading of 204-degrees magnetic; a postimpact fire ignited the forward fuselage section and surrounding terrain, and a postcrash fire consumed a majority of the fuselage and engine. The tail section was located in an adjacent tree, and the mostly complete stabilator assembly was approximately 35 feet away from the main wreckage and out of the burn zone. The RV-6 came to rest upright, in an open field, on a heading of 090-degrees magnetic. The landing gear collapsed, the wings and empennage were deformed, and the engine was partially imbedded into the ground. The complete examination report is contained in the public docket for this accident. PA-32 Examination of the PA-32 revealed that the vertical fin remained attached to the aft fuselage area and was wedged in a tree forward of the main impact site. The aft fuselage was breached with its sidewalls shredded and separated at the rivet lines. It had separated from the center fuselage section at the aft cargo door jamb. The aft cargo door, aft cabin door, forward cabin door, and the forward baggage door were identified and found to be impact and fire damaged. The right fuselage side walls and flooring at the forward cabin area were destroyed by