Primary finding
Probable cause
The pilot's improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard, bounced landing.
Investigator assessment
Analysis narrative
The student pilot reported that, while on final approach, that he crossed the runway numbers, but waited “too long” to flare the airplane and landed on the main landing gear and nosewheel at the same time. The airplane bounced, and the pilot “realized that [he] had made a very hard landing.” The airplane bounced another three times before coming to a stop. Examination of the airplane revealed substantial damage to the cockpit floor structure and engine firewall. The student pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.