LAX05FA189

the pilot's failure to maintain adequate main rotor rpm and directional control while maneuvering at low altitude. Contributing factors in the accident were the helicopter's gross weight in excess of the maximum hover out of ground effect limit, a high density altitude, and the pilot's lack of overall experience with regard to low rpm and settling-with-power recovery techniques.

The helicopter impacted level terrain and rolled onto its left side while maneuvering during a low-level photo flight. The pilot was flying southbound along a racecourse on a photo flight when he made a hard 180-degree turn, and lost control of the helicopter. As the helicopter began a spin to the right, the pilot noted a loss of rpm and altitude. He asked the certified flight instructor (CFI)/safety pilot to take the flight controls. As the CFI took control of the helicopter, he realized that the rpm's were decaying and that the helicopter was too low to recover the rpm. He attempted to cushion the impact with the collective. Both pilots reported that there were no preimpact mechanical anomalies with the airframe or engine. No evidence of any preimpact mechanical malfunction was found during the post accident investigation that would have precluded normal operation. During the accident flight, the helicopter was running approximately 131 pounds over the maximum gross weight for an Out of Ground Effect hover for the existing atmospheric conditions. The helicopter was being operated in a high density altitude environment, which was computed to be 7,350 feet mean sea level. The pilot received his rotorcraft helicopter rating 7 days prior to the accident. He had approximately 77 hours of total rotorcraft flight time at the time of the accident. The helicopter manufacturer indicated that photo flights were a high risk phase of flight and issued a safety notice SN-34. Safety Notice SN-34 recommended at least 500 hours and extensive training in both low rpm and settling-with-power recovery techniques prior to flying photo shoot type flights.

HISTORY OF FLIGHT On May 28, 2005, about 1150 Pacific daylight time, a Robinson R44, N7015Q, impacted terrain while maneuvering during low-level flight near Lucerne Valley, California. Concrete Paving Contractors, Inc., was operating the helicopter under the provisions of 14 CFR Part 91. The owner, a private pilot, a certified flight instructor (CFI) safety pilot, and one passenger were seriously injured; the helicopter was destroyed following a post impact fire. The local personal flight departed Redlands, California, at 0951. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plan had been filed. The approximate global positioning system (GPS) coordinates of the primary wreckage were 34 degrees 37.46 minutes north latitude and 116 degrees 41.02 minutes west longitude. Witnesses observed the helicopter in the area, flying low during a desert off road race. The helicopter crossed the racecourse on a southbound heading. Witness reported that shortly after crossing the racecourse it appeared that the helicopter was attempting to reverse course back towards the north. The helicopter pitched nose down and leveled off just before it impacted into a dry streambed. Upon impact, the helicopter burst into flames. All three people on board the helicopter sustained burns while exiting the burning helicopter. The operator submitted a Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report (NTSB Form 6120.1/2) on June 21, 2005. The pilot submitted a revised NTSB Form 6120.1/2 on August 11, 2005. The pilot stated that the helicopter and engine had no mechanical failures or malfunctions during the flight. The National Transportation Safety Board IIC interviewed the pilot on August 4, 2005. The pilot stated that he was flying southbound along the racecourse. He made a hard right 180-degree turn, and lost control of the helicopter. The CFI took over the controls and tried to recover the helicopter. The helicopter hit the ground and rolled onto its left side. With regard to preflight planning, the pilot indicated he went over the "numbers" with the CFI, but he could not remember what they were, only that they were okay. The pilot indicated that he used to fly the off road races in his airplane. The accident flight was his second flight utilizing a helicopter for overflying off road races. The accident flight was the first time the pilot had flown this type of operation with his own helicopter, and as pilot-in-command. The pilot had just completed the Robinson Helicopter Company (RHC) safety course, but he stated he did not know about the RHC safety notice SN-34, which cautions inexperienced helicopter pilots about flying photo flights. The accident pilot requested a copy of the NTSB Form 6120.1/2 that his company had submitted on his behalf to review and correct any mistakes that may have been included in the original. The IIC interviewed the CFI on June 15, 2005. The CFI reported that he was the safety pilot for the flight and not pilot-in-command, and that they had been flying for about 1 hour on the photo flight when the accident occurred. They were southbound and crossed the racecourse. The private pilot started to turn the helicopter to the right when the helicopter started to spin to the right. The private pilot told the CFI that he had lost control and asked the CFI for help. The CFI took over the flight, got onto controls, and tried to keep the helicopter in a level attitude. The helicopter was descending, and the CFI realized the rotor rpm (revolutions per minute) was decaying. He knew he was too low to try to recover the rpm, so he tried to cushion the impact with the collective. The helicopter impacted the ground and rolled onto its left side, with the main rotor blades striking the ground. He did not recall hearing the low rotor horn until the helicopter was on the ground. After the accident sequence, the pilot, the CFI and the passenger exited the burning helicopter. Prior to the accident, the CFI thought the helicopter had been operating normally. The CFI estimated that the pilot had about 70 hours of helicopter flight time. Prior to the flight, they talked about helicopter performance and weight and balance issues. PERSONNEL INFORMATION Private Pilot/Owner A review of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airman records revealed that the pilot held a private pilot certificate with ratings for airplane single engine land and multiengine land. An additional rating for rotorcraft helicopter was added on May 21, 2005. The private pilot held a third-class medical certificate issued on April 29, 2004. It had no limitations or waivers. The Safety Board IIC obtained the following aeronautical experience from a review of the FAA airmen medical records on file in the Airman and Medical Records Center located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. On the pilot's most recent Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application, dated May 21, 2005, he reported a total airplane time of 1,550 hours and a total helicopter time of 50 hours. The owners company, Concrete Paving Contractors, Inc., via its director of sales, submitted a Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report (NTSB Form 6120.1/2), dated June 20, 2005. In that report, the company reported that the pilot had a total of 77 flight hours in the accident make and model. The Safety Board IIC reviewed a copy of the pilot's logbook, that was obtained from the pilot's flight school, which listed a total flight time of 77.4 hours in the accident make and model as of May 20, 2005. On August 11, 2006, the pilot submitted to the Safety Board IIC a revised Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report (NTSB Form 6120.1/2), in which he reported he had a total of 160 hours in the accident make and model. The pilot also submitted a copy of his logbook information to his insurance company in which various entries were different from the copies of the logbooks that the Safety Board IIC had previously received. The differences were as follows: May 14, 2005, logbook entry, the flight time was 8.6 hours in the flight school logbook copy and now read 18.6 hours. May 16, 2005, logbook entry, the flight time was 4.1 hours in the flight school copy and now read 14.1 hours. May 17, 2005, logbook entry, the flight time was 3.5 hours in the flight school copy and now read 13.5 hours. The Safety Board IIC interviewed the CFI that had flown with the accident pilot from May 14th through May 17th. The CFI provided to the Safety Board IIC copies of his logbook. The accident pilot did fly with him from Redlands to Florida. The flight was approximately 27.7 hours, not 50 hours as recorded in the accident pilot's logbook he provided to the insurance company. Certified Flight Instructor (CFI)/Safety Pilot The CFI held a commercial pilot certificate with a rating for rotorcraft-helicopter and a certified flight instructor rating for rotorcraft-helicopter. The CFI held a second-class medical certificate issued on March 26, 2005, with no limitations or waivers. According to the CFI, he had 520 hours total flight time in rotorcraft, including 130 hours of flight instruction given in rotorcraft. The CFI had received his endorsement for the R44 on May 21, 2005. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION The helicopter was a Robinson Helicopter Company R44, serial number 0462. A review of the helicopter's logbooks revealed that the helicopter had a total airframe time of 496 hours at the last annual inspection on December 6, 2004. The engine was a Textron Lycoming, serial number L-25243-40A. Total time recorded on the engine at the last annual inspection was 496 hours on December 6, 2004. The Safety Board IIC examined records indicating that the owner/pilot had purchased the accident helicopter in March 2005. Examination of the maintenance records revealed no unresolved maintenance discrepancies against the helicopter prior to departure. The weights of the two pilots were