WPR09LA263

The pilot's loss of airplane control during en route descent while operating in known icing conditions.

Seventeen hours before departing for the cross-country flight, the pilot received a weather briefing; no other weather updates by the pilot were identified prior to departure and filing of the instrument flight plan. AIRMETs current for the time and area of the accident flight forecast mountain obscuration in clouds and moderate icing conditions between 12,000 and 25,000 feet. The pilot’s assigned altitude was 21,000 feet, and radar data indicated that the airplane was cruising at 20,900 feet with varying altitudes of plus or minus 100 feet for about 25 minutes. A few minutes before the accident, the air traffic controller issued the pilot a clearance to descend from 21,000 feet to 16,000 feet, which the pilot acknowledged. Radar data showed that the airplane descended rapidly, transitioning from a recorded altitude of 20,400 feet to 17,200 feet in 32 seconds, followed by an altitude of 13,700 feet (the last recorded radar target) 8 seconds later. The accident site was located at an elevation of 5,800 feet. On-site documentation indicated that the airplane impacted the ground in a right-wing-low attitude with a debris path that extended about 100 yards from the first identified point of impact. The airframe was heavily fragmented, and only a limited examination could be accomplished due to impact damage. The engine was also severely impact damaged; however, examination of the available components revealed no evidence of abnormalities that would have prevented normal operation. Based on the available weather data for the area of the accident flight, it is likely that the flight encountered the forecast icing conditions. Moderate intensity icing is defined as a rate of accumulation such that even short encounters become potentially hazardous, and the use of deicing and anti-icing equipment or diversion is necessary. The airplane was not equipped for flight in icing conditions.

HISTORY OF FLIGHT On May 22, 2009, about 2330 mountain standard time (MST), an experimental Lanham Lancair IV, N144L, collided with desert terrain near Seligman, Arizona. Both pilots operated the borrowed airplane under 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 as a personal cross-country flight. Both the private pilot and certified flight instructor were fatally injured, and the airplane was substantially damaged. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the night flight that departed Portland-Hillsboro Airport (HIO), Hillsboro, Oregon, at 1930, with a planned destination of Scottsdale Airport (SDL), Scottsdale, Arizona. An instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan had been filed. According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) accident coordinator, the pilot had filed an IFR flight plan from HIO to SDL. Communications were normal and no emergency was declared by either of the pilots. The last contact with the flight was at 2330. An Albuquerque (ZAB) Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC) controller had given the pilot a clearance to descend from flight level 21,000 (FL210) to 16,000 feet. The pilot read back the descent instructions. There were no further communications between ZAB and the accident pilot. Yavapai County Sheriff's Department and Arizona Department of Public Safety located the accident site at 0500 on May 23. PERSONNEL INFORMATION Pilot A review of FAA airman records revealed that the 39-year-old pilot held a private pilot certificate with ratings for airplane single-engine land, and instrument airplane. He also held a mechanic certificate with ratings for airframe and power plant. The pilot held a second-class medical certificate issued on June 23, 2008, and it had no limitations or waivers identified. According to the FAA inspector, the pilot's last flight review was March 24, 2008. No personal flight records were located for the pilot. The National Transportation Safety Board investigator-in-charge (Safety Board IIC) obtained the aeronautical experience listed in this report from a review of the FAA airmen medical records on file in the Airman and Medical Records Center located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The pilot reported on his medical application dated June 23, 2008, that he had a total time of 1,200 hours, with 100 hours logged in the last 6 months. CFI A review of FAA airman records revealed that the 25-year-old pilot held a certified flight instructor certificate for airplane single-engine land. He also held a commercial pilot certificate with ratings for airplane single-engine land and sea and instrument airplane. In addition, he also held a mechanic certificate with an airframe rating, and an advanced ground instructor certificate. The CFI held a first-class medical certificate issued on July 14, 2005, and it had no limitations or waivers identified. No personal flight records were located for the CFI. The Safety Board IIC obtained the aeronautical experience listed in this report from a review of the FAA airmen medical records on file in the Airman and Medical Records Center located in Oklahoma City. The CFI reported on his medical application, dated September 7, 2007, that he had a total time of 450.2 hours, with 184 hours logged in the last 6 months. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION The airplane, N144L, was a 1997 experimental amateur-built Lanham Lancair IV, serial number 138. The special airworthiness certificate was issued on July 27, 1998. On August 20, 2008, a condition inspection was performed at an airframe total time of 654.3 hours. The airplane had a pre-buy inspection completed by the current owner of the airplane in October 2008; however, there were no aircraft total hours listed. A Continental Motors TSIO-550-B (2), serial number 802037, powered the accident airplane. Total time recorded on the engine at the last inspection was 654.3 hours. The airplane was equipped with a Hartzell propeller; model PHC-H3YF-1RF/f7490. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION A staff meteorologist for the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) prepared a factual report for this accident and it is attached to the accident docket. The Radar Summary Chart for the time of the accident depicted rain showers across Arizona and the vicinity of the accident site. The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite number 12 (GOES-12) infrared satellite imagery identified cumuliform clouds over the accident site with tops near 31,500 feet. The closest weather observation station, Ernest A. Love Field Airport (PRC), Prescott, Arizona, was located about 38 miles southeast of the accident site at an elevation of 5,045 feet mean sea level (msl). Prescott has an Automated Surface Observation System (ASOS), which reported the following weather conditions at 2253, as calm wind; 10 miles visibility; and ceilings broken at 6,000 feet and overcast at 8,000 feet. At 2353, reported wind was from 240 at 4 knots; 7 miles visibility; with light rain and ceilings broken at 5,500 feet and overcast at 7,000 feet. The temperature, dew point, and altimeter settings were the same at both recorded times; temperature 13 Celsius; dew point 12 Celsius; altimeter setting of 30.07 inches of Mercury. In the ASOS REMARKS section it reported that rain began at 2257; sea level pressure 1012.5-hPa; hourly precipitation 0.02 inches; temperature 13.3-degrees Celsius; dew point 12.2-degrees Celsius. The maximum 24-hour temperature was 17.2-degrees Celsius; 24-hour minimum temperature 12.8-degrees Celsius. Pilot reports (PIREPS) recorded around the time of the accident indicated that several pilots encountered rain showers with several reports of light rime to mixed icing conditions between 15,000 and 19,000 feet. AIRMET Sierra and AIRMET Zulu encompassed the accident area and reported mountain obscuration in clouds and precipitation, and moderate icing conditions between 12,000 to 13,000 feet (the freezing level) and 25,000 feet. The area forecast (FA) for Salt Lake City, Utah (SLC), identified an upper level low pressure system, with an extensive area of mid-to-high level moisture over the accident area, as well as weak upper level winds. The en route forecast for northern Arizona, indicated a ceiling broken between 12,000 to 14,000 feet with cloud tops around 31,000 feet that was expected until midnight, with widely scattered light rain showers and thunderstorms. The outlook from 0800 through 1400 MST was for visual flight rules (VFR) conditions to prevail with thunderstorms and rain. The Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) issued for PRC, indicated that prior to departure at 1639, rain showers were in the vicinity of the station with temporary marginal VFR (MVFR) conditions expected until 2300. At the time of the accident the TAF called for variable wind at 4 knots; visibility better than 6 miles; with a broken ceiling at 8,000 feet above ground level (agl) (13,000 feet msl). At 2239, the issued TAF expected rain showers in the vicinity of the station through the period with a broken ceiling at 7,000 feet agl with temporary MVFR conditions in light rain showers with a broken ceiling at 3,000 feet agl until 0100. After the accident an amended TAF was issued at 0017 on May 23; expected rain showers and mist with a broken ceiling at 5,000 feet agl, and overcast at 7,000 feet. The National Weather Service (NWS) Current Icing Potential chart for the time of the accident depicted the probability of encountering icing below 21,000 feet, and reached more than an 80-percent probability of icing conditions at 16,000 feet. COMMUNICATIONS At 2303, the accident pilot checked in with ZLA sector R8 controller, reported the flight was level at FL210, and he had just picked up an IFR clearance with Nellis Air Traffic Control Facility (NATCF). Two minutes later the sector controller advised of traffic, which the accident pilot acknowledged. At 2315, the sector controller instructed the accident pilot to contact Al